Questo articolo può essere applicato a differenti scenari: una installazione Linux minimale, un’istanza virtuale o contenitore che non include un MTA, incompatibilità tra differenti interpreti, un desolante messaggio nella riga di comando da console tipo
sh: 1: /usr/sbin/sendmail: not found
In aggiunta, si può avere la necessità (anche dal punto di vista della comodità o per via di esigenze legate a razionalizzazione delle risorse) di voler utilizzare un servizio esterno all’host che si occupi dell’inoltro dei messaggi di posta elettronica, sfruttando un servizio SMTP con un profilo esistente (fornito anche all’esterno della sede locale, come per es. Google Apps for Work od il comune Gmail), escludendo l’opzione di installare un servizio puro superfluo o inutile su una macchina non desinata a ricevere posta.
Sintesi: il software in questione deve occuparsi di smistare messaggi di posta elettronica, rappresentando il tratto di unione tra un interpretesendmail-compatibile ed un client SMTP. Esiste di già, ed è MSMTP.
MSMTP: requisiti ed installazione
Il progetto MSMTP manutenuto da Martin Lambers è rilasciato come codice libero in licenza GPLv3: i requisiti sono ristretti ad un compilatore e le funzioni per socket tipo Berkeley. Disponibile sui repository delle maggiori distribuzioni Linux, si può comunemente lanciare
apt-get install msmtp
per l’installazione in Debian od Ubuntu, mentre per le altre in base yum tipo RHEL / CentOS
yum install msmtp
Su Apple MacOS 10, MSMTP è disponibile con la formula homebrew
brew install msmtp
La configurazione si basa su file di testo semplici, con i percorsi predefiniti per sistema su /etc/msmtprc e ~/.msmtprc per le configurazione dei singoli utenti. Sul sito di riferimento è presente la documentazione completa (in inglese) ed un file di esempio. Davvero lineare.
Integrazione con PHP ed uso di account Gmail
Come riportato poco prima, MSMTP è sostituibile al comando sendmail, pertanto ci si può disporre a questo tipo di configurazione creando un file in /etc/msmtprc con la configurazione di un account SMTP esistente; il software supporta il TLS, quindi l’esempio Gmail è anche un buon esercizio per verificare questa opzione.
Contenuto del file /etc/msmtprc :
# Esempio msmtprc per Gmail # 2014 Alessio Felicioni # fonte: http://www.alessiofelicioni.it/msmtp-gmail-funzione-mail-php/ # valori predefiniti defaults tls on tls_starttls on tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt logfile /var/log/msmtp.log # configurazione account account default host smtp.gmail.com port 587 auth on from utente@gmail.com user utente@gmail.com password La(TUA)Password_va_qui
Importante garantire che il file sia leggibile dall’utente che esegue il php via processo server (es. apache, www-data o equivalente): vale a dirsi
chown www-data /etc/msmtprc chmod 600 /etc/msmtprc
Quindi il valore di sendmail_path in php.ini potrebbe essere sostituito con la seguente sintassi
sendmail_path = "/usr/bin/msmtp -C /etc/msmtprc -t"
MSMTP supporta anche la configurazione di account multipli anche sullo stesso file: il parametro che controlla questa opzione è -a con il significato che se invocato con valori differenti, lo smistamento avverrà attraverso profili (ed eventualmente tratte/server SMTP) differenti.
La sezione di documentazione del progetto all’indirizzo http://msmtp.sourceforge.net/documentation.html è il punto di riferimento per utilizzare al meglio il programma e ricca di esempi.
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